Results: The result showed that the T-MoCA had high internal consistency (0.83) and high test-retest reliability (0.92). The inclusion criteria of the study participants were 0.5 or less than 0.5 scores in the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDRs). Method: The authors conducted internal consistency, test-retest, sensitivity-specificity, and construct validity using 233 Tamil-speaking elderly participants. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Tamil (India) Version of MoCA (T-MoCA) and further examine the construct validity of the tool. In addition, cognitive education programs may have an effect on preventing CI in hemodialysis patients with low education levels.īackground: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a neuropsychological cognitive tool developed and adapted widely in various languages for screening mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Low omega-3 fatty acid levels may be associated with CI in hemodialysis patients, and low carnitine level may contribute partially to this process. It has been shown that free-carnitine level can have positive effects on plasma EPA + DHA and AA + DGLA distributions. It was determined that high AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA ratio and low education level could be independent risk factors of the CI. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MoCA scores was associated with AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA ratio (P = 0.009) and education level (P < 0.001). Free-carnitine levels were positively correlated with EPA and EPA + DHA levels (rs = 0.278, P = 0.030 and rs = 0.271, P = 0.034, respectively), and negative correlated with AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA ratios (rs = −0.414, P = 0.001). Negative correlation was found between MoCA scores and AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA ratios (rs = −0.284, P = 0.026). Group 1 had a statistically lower education level (P < 0.05). Group 1 had significantly higher AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA ratios and lower free-carnitine, DHA and EPA + DHA levels compared to Group 2 (P = 0.008, P = 0.040, P = 0.032, P = 0.032, respectively). MoCA score ≤24 and >24 were determined as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, ≤24 points were considered as CI. Plasma omega-3 and omega-6 levels were measured using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Serum total and free-carnitine levels were determined by ELISA. Sixty two patients were included in this cross-sectional study. In this study, the relationship between CI and serum carnitine, plasma omega-3, omega-6 and omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio was evaluated in hemodialysis patients. The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) is high in hemodialysis patients.
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